Data Analysis
Browse articles by category and topic.
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How to Run a Paired Samples T-Test in SPSS (2026): Before-and-After Data, Step by Step
Wide-format data, the assumption that applies to the difference scores, the SPSS procedure, Cohen’s d for paired designs and the…
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Linear vs Logistic Regression (2026): Which One Does Your Outcome Variable Need?
A side-by-side comparison of linear and binary logistic regression: what breaks when you run the wrong one, how to read…
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Half My Survey Responses Look Like Junk: How to Screen Them Without Wrecking Your Sample (2026)
Bots, duplicate entries and careless responding can hollow out a dataset you spent six weeks collecting. The screening sequence, the…
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How to Run an Independent Samples T-Test in SPSS (2026): Levene’s Test, Cohen’s d and the APA Write-Up
The full procedure for an independent samples t-test in SPSS: choosing the right test, the four assumptions, reading Levene’s test,…
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Should I Remove Outliers From My Data? (2026)
Delete an outlier only when you can show it is an error. Here is how to detect extreme values, tell…
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How to Run a Correlation in SPSS: Pearson, Spearman and How to Report Both (2026)
Choose between Pearson and Spearman, check the assumptions that matter, run the analysis in SPSS and report the coefficient correctly…
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How to Handle Missing Data in Your Dissertation Step by Step (2026): Deletion, Imputation & Reporting
Missing data in your dissertation? This step-by-step guide covers MCAR, MAR, and MNAR mechanisms, when to use listwise deletion or…
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Best Data Visualisation Tools for Researchers 2026: ggplot2 vs Tableau vs Flourish vs Datawrapper vs Python
A researcher’s guide to choosing the best data visualization tools in 2026 — comparing ggplot2, matplotlib/seaborn, Tableau, Flourish, Datawrapper, and…